Posted on Categories:Macroeconomics, 宏观经济学, 经济代写

# 英国补课|宏观经济学代写MACROECONOMICS代写|ECON304 Two kinds of money

avatest™

avatest™宏观经济学Macroeconomics代写，免费提交作业要求， 满意后付款，成绩80\%以下全额退款，安全省心无顾虑。专业硕 博写手团队，所有订单可靠准时，保证 100% 原创。avatest™， 最高质量的宏观经济学Macroeconomics作业代写，服务覆盖北美、欧洲、澳洲等 国家。 在代写价格方面，考虑到同学们的经济条件，在保障代写质量的前提下，我们为客户提供最合理的价格。 由于统计Statistics作业种类很多，同时其中的大部分作业在字数上都没有具体要求，因此宏观经济学Macroeconomics作业代写的价格不固定。通常在经济学专家查看完作业要求之后会给出报价。作业难度和截止日期对价格也有很大的影响。

avatest™ 为您的留学生涯保驾护航 在经济代写方面已经树立了自己的口碑, 保证靠谱, 高质且原创的经济代考服务。我们的专家在宏观经济学Macroeconomics代写方面经验极为丰富，各种宏观经济学Macroeconomics相关的作业也就用不着 说。

## 经济代写|宏观经济学代写MACROECONOMICS代写|Two kinds of money

To understand how commercial banks create money, one must consider that there are actually two types of money. There is base money, which includes the physical currency that we are all familiar with, and bank reserves. To put some notation to this, the monetary base, B, is equal to:
$$\mathrm{B}=\mathrm{C}+\mathrm{R},$$
where $\mathrm{C}$ is currency in circulation and $\mathrm{R}$ is bank reserves.
Base money makes up a relatively small percentage of the total money supply. If you picture it as a pie, the wedge that represents base money would be surprisingly narrow considering that the mental image that comes to most of our minds when we hear the term money probably is a green banknote with a president’s picture on it. This has been referred to as outside money, a term which is particularly applicable because of the fact that it is created under government authority (in the case of physical currency) or by the Federal Reserve (in the case of bank reserves), outside of the operation of the private sector.
The remainder, which is made up by what is referred to as bank money or inside money, termed as such because it is created inside the private sector, exists in the form of credit which is issued when banks make loans. Think about it as electronic funds; money that arises when an accounting entry is made to record a new loan. By issuing credit, a bank has given a customer new purchasing power. It is not cash and it does not increase the customer’s net worth (because he also has a new liability to the bank), but it does provide the customer with the ability to spend. And, in a nutshell, this is how banks create money.

## 经济代写|宏观经济学代写MACROECONOMICS代写|Fractional reserve banking and the money multiplier

We just defined what the monetary base is, yet the measure of money supply that is commonly referred to is known as $M 1$ in the United States. M1 includes the sum of currency in circulation and deposits held be banks. There is also an $M 2$ measure which includes savings and other small-time deposits (and retail money market mutual fund shares). We will use both measures of M1 and M2 in this book, but let’s begin with using M1 as our measure of money supply. Hence, money supply, $M$ is:
$$\mathrm{M}=\mathrm{C}+\mathrm{D} \text {, }$$
where $\mathrm{D}$ is demand deposits held by commercial banks.
The process of fractional reserve banking describes how commercial banks, and not just the central bank, can in theory expand money supply. Here is how the story goes: Suppose we start with a world of no banks and there is $\$ 1,000$of cash in circulation in this economy, and it is held by one individual. This makes the monetary base equal to$\$1,000$, which is also equal to the money supply. The next day a bank called the Old Gold and Black Bank opens for business. The individual with the cash decides to go to the OGB Bank and deposits $\$ 800$of their cash into a new checking account, which now becomes a deposit, while they retain$\$200$ in cash.

## 经济代写|宏观经济学代写MACROECONOMICS代写|Two kinds of money

$$B=C+R$$

## 经济代写|宏观经济学代写MACROECONOMICS代写|Fractional reserve banking and the money multiplier

$$\mathrm{M}=\mathrm{C}+\mathrm{D},$$

## MATLAB代写

MATLAB 是一种用于技术计算的高性能语言。它将计算、可视化和编程集成在一个易于使用的环境中，其中问题和解决方案以熟悉的数学符号表示。典型用途包括：数学和计算算法开发建模、仿真和原型制作数据分析、探索和可视化科学和工程图形应用程序开发，包括图形用户界面构建MATLAB 是一个交互式系统，其基本数据元素是一个不需要维度的数组。这使您可以解决许多技术计算问题，尤其是那些具有矩阵和向量公式的问题，而只需用 C 或 Fortran 等标量非交互式语言编写程序所需的时间的一小部分。MATLAB 名称代表矩阵实验室。MATLAB 最初的编写目的是提供对由 LINPACK 和 EISPACK 项目开发的矩阵软件的轻松访问，这两个项目共同代表了矩阵计算软件的最新技术。MATLAB 经过多年的发展，得到了许多用户的投入。在大学环境中，它是数学、工程和科学入门和高级课程的标准教学工具。在工业领域，MATLAB 是高效研究、开发和分析的首选工具。MATLAB 具有一系列称为工具箱的特定于应用程序的解决方案。对于大多数 MATLAB 用户来说非常重要，工具箱允许您学习应用专业技术。工具箱是 MATLAB 函数（M 文件）的综合集合，可扩展 MATLAB 环境以解决特定类别的问题。可用工具箱的领域包括信号处理、控制系统、神经网络、模糊逻辑、小波、仿真等。