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# 金融代写|风险理论代写Risk Theory代考|ST402-15 Risk Assessment

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## 金融代写|风险理论代写Risk Theory代考|Risk Assessment

Risk is the prospect of an unfavorable development in chancy circumstances and exists whenever there the possibility that things might not go well. Any sort of lossproducing prospect-be its concern with money, life, health, time, or other resources-represents a risk. However to compare risks we again need to take recourse to some common measure of “utility” in order to realize cross-typological comparability. The magnitude of the risk depends on the severity or size of the negativity at issue. The threat of the risk depends on the likelihood of its realization.
There are both risks we knowingly undertake and risks we are totally unaware of, risks we accept and risks we unwittingly run. (When we drive our car cross-town we run and accept the risk of accident; when a burglar who is recently released from prison prowls our neighborhood, we are at risk of a visit from him even if blissfully ignorant of it.) Being at risk is thus a ubiquitous condition. Inanimate objects can be at risk, as with a dam when there is excess rainfall. And conscious beings can be at risk without the least awareness of it.

In relation to risk one can be either active or passive. With action one takes a risk, with passive one is at risk. Either way here is basically the same sort of situation, one which there are alternatives (and casually differentially probable) outcomes which have a negative or positive effect upon one’s interest. And insofar as one can enter into chancy situations from without, so to speak, how should different positivities and negativities be weighed? Such issues of priority do not emerge from calculation, seeing that they are already needed to make it possible.

## 金融代写|风险理论代写Risk Theory代考|Comparing Chancy Situations via Risk and Promise

There is no one, single, uniform measure for assessing the acceptability of optimal chancy situations. The issue is too complex and many-sided.

The threat of a chancy situation as reflected in its risk factors, is only part of its acceptability evaluation. For a more comprehensive view we must contrast this risk with its promise, and thus take account not only of its risk parameters, but also of its promise parameters as well-something that expectation addresses but does not settle. Thus compare the following four alternative yield distributions for chancy situations with four equiprobable (dot-indicated) outcomes, with $E$ indicating the four correlative expectations:

Here I’s expectation is less than II’s, which however is far more risky: its negative expectation is small, but so also is its positive expectation. IV has a larger negative expectation even though a positive outcome is far more probable. Risk makes all the difference. And while catastrophic risks must of necessity be avoided, the appropriate way of addressing normal risks pivots on the crucial issue of compensating offsetting promise. Clearly in Case III and arguably in others-though certainly not case IV-is this a telling consideration.

## MATLAB代写

MATLAB 是一种用于技术计算的高性能语言。它将计算、可视化和编程集成在一个易于使用的环境中，其中问题和解决方案以熟悉的数学符号表示。典型用途包括：数学和计算算法开发建模、仿真和原型制作数据分析、探索和可视化科学和工程图形应用程序开发，包括图形用户界面构建MATLAB 是一个交互式系统，其基本数据元素是一个不需要维度的数组。这使您可以解决许多技术计算问题，尤其是那些具有矩阵和向量公式的问题，而只需用 C 或 Fortran 等标量非交互式语言编写程序所需的时间的一小部分。MATLAB 名称代表矩阵实验室。MATLAB 最初的编写目的是提供对由 LINPACK 和 EISPACK 项目开发的矩阵软件的轻松访问，这两个项目共同代表了矩阵计算软件的最新技术。MATLAB 经过多年的发展，得到了许多用户的投入。在大学环境中，它是数学、工程和科学入门和高级课程的标准教学工具。在工业领域，MATLAB 是高效研究、开发和分析的首选工具。MATLAB 具有一系列称为工具箱的特定于应用程序的解决方案。对于大多数 MATLAB 用户来说非常重要，工具箱允许您学习应用专业技术。工具箱是 MATLAB 函数（M 文件）的综合集合，可扩展 MATLAB 环境以解决特定类别的问题。可用工具箱的领域包括信号处理、控制系统、神经网络、模糊逻辑、小波、仿真等。