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会计代写|中级管理会计代考Intermediate Management Accounting代写|ACCT5001 ESSENTIALS OF SUCCESSFUL BUDGETING

如果你也在 怎样代写中级管理会计 Intermediate Management Accounting ACCT5001这个学科遇到相关的难题,请随时右上角联系我们的24/7代写客服。中级管理会计 Intermediate Management Accounting为组织的内部管理部门、其雇员、经理和行政人员提供财务信息,以便为决策提供依据并提高绩效。换句话说,管理会计师是战略伙伴。在管理会计或管理会计中,管理人员在决策中使用会计信息,并协助管理和履行其控制职能。

中级管理会计 Intermediate Management Accounting的一个简单定义是向管理人员提供财务和非财务决策信息。换句话说,管理会计帮助组织内部的董事进行决策。这也可以被称为成本会计。这是区分、检查、破译和向主管人员传授数据的方式,以帮助完成商业目标。收集的信息包括所有领域的会计,教育行政部门识别财务支出和组织决策的业务任务。会计师使用计划来衡量组织内的整体运营战略。

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会计代写|中级管理会计代考Intermediate Management Accounting代写|ACCT5001 ESSENTIALS OF SUCCESSFUL BUDGETING

会计代写|中级管理会计代考INTERMEDIATE MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING代写|NATURE AND SCOPE OF MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING

A close study of successful budgetary programmes indicates that there are some common practices to be observed. Failure to appreciate and observe these essentials will negate to a large extent the value of a budgetary program. These essentials or pre-requisites for successful budgeting are listed below:

Support and involvement of top management: The budget should be sponsored by management and it should have the active and whole-hearted support of top management. In other words, management should believe in the efficacy of budget as a tool of effective management and not as primarily an accounting device. The company should take the budgeting process very seriously.

Built-up by responsibility centres: For successful budgeting, it is also necessary that it should be built-up by responsibility centres and should show the controllable costs in each responsibility centre.

Participation by responsible supervisors: The responsible supervisors should participate in the process of setting the budget figures and should agree that the budget goals are reasonable. If they are not consulted, their attitude towards the budget is likely to be one of indifference and resentment. In other words, budget targets should not be imposed by the management rather they should emanate from the organisation itself.

Clear-cut organisational structure: A successful budgetary program pre-supposes a clear allocation of authority, duties and responsibilities in the organisation. Everybody in the organisation should know who is responsible to whom.

Continuous budget education: If the budget is to be effective, all responsible supervisors must be actively interested in it. This requires that the responsible supervisors are aware of the entire budgeting process. The best way to assure this is a program of continuous budget education through manuals, meetings, etc. to discuss the preparation of budget and actual results achieved.

Timeliness: The time period covered by the budget should be related to the necessity for and the possibility of effective management action.

Reasonably attainable targets: The targets laid down in the budget should be reasonably attainable. Too high a target will be frustrating and too low a target will encourage complacency.

Management by exception (MBE): In comparing actual performance with budgeted perfor-mance, attention should be focused on significant exceptions – items that are significantly different than expected.

Thorough review of budget estimates: The review of budget estimates by successively higher levels of management should be thorough. Casual review is a signal that management is really not much interested in the budget process.

Proper communication: Final approval of the budget should be specific and this approval should be communicated to the organisation. An attempt to operate on the doctrine “silence gives consent” inevitably leads to misunderstanding.

Responsibility accounting: Since budget is based upon historical data and since control includes the measurement of plans and objectives, the accounting system must be built-up around the responsibility structure of the enterprise. Comparisons between budgeted and actual results are meaningless if revenues used in the budget and the accounting system are not in harmony.

Flexible: It is important that budgeting is flexible rather than static. Instead of basing budgets on a single fixed level of activity, they should be prepared for several levels of activity. Again, budget should be revised if market conditions change.

Integration with standard costing system: For better results, a system of budgetary control should be used in conjunction with a system of standard costing and variance analysis.

会计代写|中级管理会计代考INTERMEDIATE MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING代写|ADVANTAGES (USES) OF BUDGETING

The only justification of budgeting is its service to management. Therefore, a budgetary program should result in definite and tangible benefits directly related to the basic functions of management i.e. planning, coordination and control. Now it may be examined how budgeting helps in the aforesaid areas.
Budgeting and Planning: Planning is the key to good management. It involves the establishment of objectives (long term and short term) for each department and division of the organization and the organization required to achieve them. Although basic planning decisions are usually made prior to the beginning of the budget cycle, the process of formulation of the budget leads to a refinement of these plans and when it discloses imbalances or unsatisfactory overall results, it may lead to a change in plans.
Budgeting and Coordination: Coordination is the process whereby each department or division of a form works towards common objectives with due regard for all other such divisions and unity of effort. For example, they may be very close coordination between sales and production departments. A properly designed and operated budgetary program will contribute greatly to coordination throughout the firm.
Budgeting and Control: Control is the action necessary to assure that plans and objectives are being achieved. Budget can be used as a benchmark that allows managers to compare actual performance with estimated or desired performance “Management by Exception” principle helps to exercise control through the budgets. Under this principle, significant variations only are looked into and analysed. In fact, budgetary control makes it possible for top management to feel the pulse of the enterprise throughout the year.
Thus, a budget is a tool that helps managers in both their planning and control functions Some specific advantages of budeting and budgetary control are given below:

  1. It forces early consideration of basic policies.
  2. It requires adequate and proper organisation – definite assignment of responsibility for each function of the business.
  3. It compels all members of management from the top-down to participate in the establishment of goals.
  4. It compels all members of the departmental management to make plans in harmony with plans of other departments.
  5. It forces management to put down in cold figures what is necessary for satisfactory results.
  6. It compels management to demand adequate historical accounting data.
  7. It compels management to plan for the most economical use of labour, material, facilities and capital.
  8. It instills in all levels of management the habit of timely, careful and adequate consideration of all the relevant factors before reaching important decisions.
  9. It reduces cost by increasing the span of control since a less number of supervisors are needed.
  10. It helps to implement the principles of “Management by Objectives” (MBO) and “Management by Exception” (MBE) by comparing actual performance against the planned one and highlighting the variances. Only significant variances are reported to the higher level managers for investigation. All others are supposed to conform with the plan and no time and effort be spent for them.
  11. It tends to remove the cloud of uncertainty that exists in many firms, especially among lower levels of management relative to basic policies and objectives of the enterprise.
  12. It pinpoints efficiency or inefficiency.
会计代写|中级管理会计代考Intermediate Management Accounting代写|ACCT5001 ESSENTIALS OF SUCCESSFUL BUDGETING

中级管理会计代写

会计代写|中级管理会计代考中级管理会计代写|管理会计的性质和范围


对成功的预算方案的仔细研究表明,有一些共同做法值得注意。不了解和遵守这些要点将在很大程度上否定预算计划的价值。下面列出了成功预算的必要条件或先决条件:

最高管理层的支持和参与:预算应由管理层发起,并应得到最高管理层的积极和全心全意的支持。换句话说,管理层应该相信预算是有效管理的工具,而不是主要的会计手段。公司应该非常认真地对待预算编制过程

按责任中心编制:为了成功的预算,也有必要按责任中心编制,并显示每个责任中心的可控成本


负责的主管人员的参与:负责的主管人员应参与制定预算数字的过程,并应同意预算目标是合理的。如果不征求他们的意见,他们对预算的态度很可能是冷漠和怨恨。换句话说,预算目标不应由管理层强加,而应由组织本身产生


清晰的组织结构:一个成功的预算计划的先决条件是组织内权力、职责和责任的清晰分配。组织中的每个人都应该知道谁对谁负责

持续预算教育:如果预算是有效的,所有负责的主管必须积极地对它感兴趣。这就要求负责的主管了解整个预算编制过程。确保这一点的最好方法是通过手册、会议等方式进行持续的预算教育,讨论预算的编制和取得的实际结果

及时性:预算所涵盖的期间应与采取有效管理行动的必要性和可能性有关


合理实现的目标:预算中规定的目标应该是合理实现的。太高的目标会使人沮丧,太低的目标会使人自满

例外管理:在将实际业绩与预算业绩进行比较时,应注意显著的例外情况,即与预期显著不同的项目


全面审查概算:历次较高的管理级别对概算的审查应是全面的。随意的审查是一个信号,表明管理层对预算过程不太感兴趣


正确的沟通:预算的最终批准应该是具体的,并且这个批准应该传达给组织。试图按照“沉默即是同意”的原则行事,不可避免地会导致误解

责任会计:由于预算是基于历史数据,由于控制包括计划和目标的测量,会计制度必须围绕企业的责任结构建立起来。如果预算使用的收入和会计制度不协调,预算和实际结果之间的比较就没有意义

灵活:重要的是预算是灵活的而不是静态的。与其把预算建立在单一固定水平的活动上,还不如为若干水平的活动做好准备。再次强调,如果市场情况发生变化,预算应予以修订


与标准成本核算系统相结合:为了取得更好的效果,预算控制系统应与标准成本核算和差异分析系统结合使用

会计代写|中级管理会计代考中级管理会计代写|预算的优点(用途)

.会计 .会计


预算的唯一理由是它对管理层的服务。因此,预算方案应产生与管理的基本职能,即规划、协调和控制直接相关的明确和切实的利益。现在我们来看看预算是如何在上述方面有所帮助的。预算和计划:计划是良好管理的关键。它涉及为组织的每个部门和部门制定目标(长期和短期),以及为实现这些目标所需的组织。虽然基本规划决定通常是在预算周期开始之前作出的,但编制预算的过程导致对这些计划的改进,当它揭示出不平衡或不令人满意的总体结果时,可能会导致计划的改变。预算和协调:协调是一种形式的每个部门或部门为实现共同目标而工作的过程,同时适当考虑到所有其他这样的部门和努力的统一。例如,它们可能是销售和生产部门之间非常密切的协调。一个合理设计和操作的预算计划将大大有助于整个公司的协调。预算和控制:控制是确保计划和目标得到实现的必要行动。预算可以作为一个基准,允许管理者将实际绩效与估计或期望的绩效进行比较。“例外管理”原则有助于通过预算实施控制。根据这一原则,只研究和分析显著的变化。事实上,预算控制可以让最高管理层全年都能感受到企业的脉搏。因此,预算是帮助管理者进行计划和控制的工具。预算和预算控制的一些具体优点如下


它迫使人们尽早考虑基本政策。它需要充分和适当的组织-明确分配业务的每个职能的责任。它强迫从上而下的所有管理成员参与目标的建立。要求部门管理人员制定的计划与其他部门的计划相协调。它迫使管理部门用冷冰冰的数字写下满意结果所必需的东西。它迫使管理层要求充分的历史会计数据。它迫使管理层制定计划,以最经济的方式使用劳动力、材料、设施和资本。它向各级管理人员灌输在作出重要决定之前及时、仔细和充分考虑所有相关因素的习惯。它通过增加控制范围来降低成本,因为需要的监控器数量较少。通过将实际绩效与计划绩效进行比较并突出差异,有助于实现“目标管理”(MBO)和“例外管理”(MBE)的原则。只有显著的差异才会报告给更高级别的经理进行调查。所有其他的都应该符合计划,没有时间和精力花在他们身上。它倾向于消除存在于许多公司的不确定性的阴云,特别是在与企业的基本政策和目标相关的较低级别管理人员之间。它指出效率或效率

会计代写|中级管理会计代考Intermediate Management Accounting代写

会计代写|中级管理会计代考Intermediate Management Accounting代写 请认准UprivateTA™. UprivateTA™为您的留学生涯保驾护航。

微观经济学代写

微观经济学是主流经济学的一个分支,研究个人和企业在做出有关稀缺资源分配的决策时的行为以及这些个人和企业之间的相互作用。my-assignmentexpert™ 为您的留学生涯保驾护航 在数学Mathematics作业代写方面已经树立了自己的口碑, 保证靠谱, 高质且原创的数学Mathematics代写服务。我们的专家在图论代写Graph Theory代写方面经验极为丰富,各种图论代写Graph Theory相关的作业也就用不着 说。

线性代数代写

线性代数是数学的一个分支,涉及线性方程,如:线性图,如:以及它们在向量空间和通过矩阵的表示。线性代数是几乎所有数学领域的核心。

博弈论代写

现代博弈论始于约翰-冯-诺伊曼(John von Neumann)提出的两人零和博弈中的混合策略均衡的观点及其证明。冯-诺依曼的原始证明使用了关于连续映射到紧凑凸集的布劳威尔定点定理,这成为博弈论和数学经济学的标准方法。在他的论文之后,1944年,他与奥斯卡-莫根斯特恩(Oskar Morgenstern)共同撰写了《游戏和经济行为理论》一书,该书考虑了几个参与者的合作游戏。这本书的第二版提供了预期效用的公理理论,使数理统计学家和经济学家能够处理不确定性下的决策。

微积分代写

微积分,最初被称为无穷小微积分或 “无穷小的微积分”,是对连续变化的数学研究,就像几何学是对形状的研究,而代数是对算术运算的概括研究一样。

它有两个主要分支,微分和积分;微分涉及瞬时变化率和曲线的斜率,而积分涉及数量的累积,以及曲线下或曲线之间的面积。这两个分支通过微积分的基本定理相互联系,它们利用了无限序列和无限级数收敛到一个明确定义的极限的基本概念 。

计量经济学代写

什么是计量经济学?
计量经济学是统计学和数学模型的定量应用,使用数据来发展理论或测试经济学中的现有假设,并根据历史数据预测未来趋势。它对现实世界的数据进行统计试验,然后将结果与被测试的理论进行比较和对比。

根据你是对测试现有理论感兴趣,还是对利用现有数据在这些观察的基础上提出新的假设感兴趣,计量经济学可以细分为两大类:理论和应用。那些经常从事这种实践的人通常被称为计量经济学家。

MATLAB代写

MATLAB 是一种用于技术计算的高性能语言。它将计算、可视化和编程集成在一个易于使用的环境中,其中问题和解决方案以熟悉的数学符号表示。典型用途包括:数学和计算算法开发建模、仿真和原型制作数据分析、探索和可视化科学和工程图形应用程序开发,包括图形用户界面构建MATLAB 是一个交互式系统,其基本数据元素是一个不需要维度的数组。这使您可以解决许多技术计算问题,尤其是那些具有矩阵和向量公式的问题,而只需用 C 或 Fortran 等标量非交互式语言编写程序所需的时间的一小部分。MATLAB 名称代表矩阵实验室。MATLAB 最初的编写目的是提供对由 LINPACK 和 EISPACK 项目开发的矩阵软件的轻松访问,这两个项目共同代表了矩阵计算软件的最新技术。MATLAB 经过多年的发展,得到了许多用户的投入。在大学环境中,它是数学、工程和科学入门和高级课程的标准教学工具。在工业领域,MATLAB 是高效研究、开发和分析的首选工具。MATLAB 具有一系列称为工具箱的特定于应用程序的解决方案。对于大多数 MATLAB 用户来说非常重要,工具箱允许您学习应用专业技术。工具箱是 MATLAB 函数(M 文件)的综合集合,可扩展 MATLAB 环境以解决特定类别的问题。可用工具箱的领域包括信号处理、控制系统、神经网络、模糊逻辑、小波、仿真等。

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