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# 物理代写|核物理代考Nuclear Physics代写|PHYS3851 The Minkowski space-time

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## 物理代写|核物理代考Nuclear Physics代写|The Minkowski space-time

The covariant formalism makes very clear the rich mathematical structure of SR. It also provides simple means to construct relativistic dynamics in analogy to classical physics, as shown in Sec. A.3.

The first observable we can build using covariance is the trajectory of a point-like particle. In classical physics, the trajectory is a function that maps the position in space as a function of time. Since time is universal, the distance between two points is the same for any observer even if the coordinates of the points change among observers. The (squared) distance traveled between $t$ and $t+d t$ is thus the same in any inertial frame and is equal to:
$$d s^{2}=d x^{2}+d y^{2}+d z^{2}$$
where
$$d \mathbf{x}=d x \mathbf{i}+d y \mathbf{j}+d z \mathbf{k}$$

## 物理代写|核物理代考Nuclear Physics代写|Notations for special relativity

It is easy to get confused when classical and relativistic quantities are mixed up and we do it pretty often for the reasons mentioned in Sec. 2.2. These habits are annoying for novices but very much appreciated by experienced users, provided that a consistent notation is employed. By happy chance, particle and nuclear physicists use a nearly universal notation, which is summarized here and employed in the rest of the book. • Classical three-vectors are always written in boldface. The position in space of a particle is written as x. The scalar product of classical three-vectors is a · b and should be interpreted as axbx + ayby + azbz. The norm of a is written as |a| and is the standard Euclidean norm: |a| = (a 2 x + a 2 y + a 2 z ) 1/2 . • Four-vectors are written with Greek indexes as a µ or simply a. The squared “norm” of a µ in the Minkovsky space is a 2 ≡ aµa µ = gµνa µa ν = (a 0 ) 2 −(a 1 ) 2 −(a 2 ) 2 −(a 3 ) 2 . For convenience, you may want to write it in a neater form using three-vectors: a 2 = aµa µ = (a 0 ) 2 − |a| 2 .

# 核物理代写

## 物理代写核物理代考Nuclear Physics代写|The Minkowski space-time

$$d s^{2}=d x^{2}+d y^{2}+d z^{2}$$

$$d \mathbf{x}=d x \mathbf{i}+d y \mathbf{j}+d z \mathbf{k}$$

## 物理代写|核物理代考Nuclear Physics代写|Notations for special relativity

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## MATLAB代写

MATLAB 是一种用于技术计算的高性能语言。它将计算、可视化和编程集成在一个易于使用的环境中，其中问题和解决方案以熟悉的数学符号表示。典型用途包括：数学和计算算法开发建模、仿真和原型制作数据分析、探索和可视化科学和工程图形应用程序开发，包括图形用户界面构建MATLAB 是一个交互式系统，其基本数据元素是一个不需要维度的数组。这使您可以解决许多技术计算问题，尤其是那些具有矩阵和向量公式的问题，而只需用 C 或 Fortran 等标量非交互式语言编写程序所需的时间的一小部分。MATLAB 名称代表矩阵实验室。MATLAB 最初的编写目的是提供对由 LINPACK 和 EISPACK 项目开发的矩阵软件的轻松访问，这两个项目共同代表了矩阵计算软件的最新技术。MATLAB 经过多年的发展，得到了许多用户的投入。在大学环境中，它是数学、工程和科学入门和高级课程的标准教学工具。在工业领域，MATLAB 是高效研究、开发和分析的首选工具。MATLAB 具有一系列称为工具箱的特定于应用程序的解决方案。对于大多数 MATLAB 用户来说非常重要，工具箱允许您学习应用专业技术。工具箱是 MATLAB 函数（M 文件）的综合集合，可扩展 MATLAB 环境以解决特定类别的问题。可用工具箱的领域包括信号处理、控制系统、神经网络、模糊逻辑、小波、仿真等。